DRIP IRRIGATION REGIMES AND EFFICIENCY OF WATER USE BY SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS
Abstract
The article presents the results of experimental research on the effect of drip irrigation system designs on the formation of irrigation regimes, productivity, and efficiency of water use by sunflower hybrids. In addition, the main components of evapotranspiration were taken into account, and coefficients of water consumption (WCC), irrigation efficiency (IE), and irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) were chosen as criteria for the efficiency of drip irrigation. Short-term field research was carried out during 2020-2022 on the lands of the Brylivske experimental field of the Institute of Water Problems and Reclamation of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Kherson region, subzone of the Dry Steppe). Analytical and mathematical as well as statistical methods were used to process experimental data. The scheme of the three-factor field experiment provided various options for laying irrigation pipelines of drip irrigation systems (in the horizontal and vertical planes), as well as the implementation of a pulsed water supply mode (standard). The version with a natural moisture supply (without irrigation) was the control. The results of experimental research proved that the method of laying drip irrigation pipelines had a direct effect on the parameters of the formation of drip irrigation regimes and the productivity of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Dry Steppe. The mechanism of evapotranspiration formation of sunflower crops in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions has been determined. It was statistically proven that the application of subsoil drip irrigation with the laying of irrigation pipelines at a depth of 0.3 m and a distance between them of 1.0 m is the most appropriate for growing sunflower hybrids. This is explained by biological features, namely drought resistance of this crop. Thus, in field experiments, the variant with in-soil laying of drip irrigation pipelines provided almost identical yield (4.01-4.09 t/ha) when having lower crop water consumption coefficients (1088.7-1125.7 m3/t) and higher efficiency of irrigation water use – 2.27-2.41 kg of grain per 1 m3 of irrigation water.
References
2. Saiko, V.F., & Boiko, P.I. (2002). Sivozminy u zemlerobstvi Ukrainy [Crop rotation in agriculture of Ukraine]. Kyiv. Ahrarna nauka [in Ukrainian].
3. Kovalenko, A.M., Lymar, A.O., Maliarchuk, M.P., Romashchenko, M.I., Snihovyi, V.S., & Sobko, O.O. (1999). Sivozminy na zroshuvanykh zemliakh: metodychni rekomendatsii [Crop rotations on irrigated lands: methodological recommendations]. Kyiv. Ahrarna nauka [in Ukrainian].
4. Veremeienko, S.I., & Semenko L.O. (2019). Suchasni aspekty dehradatsii gruntiv – trofichnyi aspect [Modern aspects of soil degradation – trophic aspect]. Naukovi horyzonty, 1(74), 69-75 [In Ukrainian].
5. Krakovska S.V. et al. Projections of air temperature and relative humidity in Ukraine regions to the middle of the 21st century based on regional climate model ensembles. Geoinformatics. 2018. № 3 (67). S. 62–77.
6. Romashchenko, M., Husyev, Y., Shatkovskyi, A., Saidak, R., Yatsyuk, M., Shevchenko, A., & Matiash, T. (2020). Vplyv suchasnykh klimatychnykh zmin na vodni resursy ta silskohospodarske vyrobnytstvo [Impact of climate change on water resources and agricultural production]. Melioratsiia i vodne hospodarstvo, 1, 5-22. https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202001-235 [In Ukrainian].
7. Vozhehova, R.A., Romashchenko, M.I. & Shatkovskyi, A.P. (2018). Naukovi osnovy adaptatsii system zemlerobstva do zmin klimatu v Pivdennomu Stepu Ukrainy [Scientific basis of adaptation of agricultural systems to climate changes in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine]. Kherson. OLDI-PLIUS [in Ukrainian].
8. Analityka stanu zroshuvanykh zemel v Ukraini [Analysis of the condition of irrigated lands in Ukraine]. https://kurkul.com Retrieved from https://kurkul.com/spetsproekty/1072-analitika-stanu-zroshuvanih-zemel-v-ukrayini [in Ukrainian].
9. Stratehiia zroshennia ta drenazhu v Ukraini na period do 2030 roku [Irrigation and drainage strategy in Ukraine until 2030]: Skhvaleno rozporiadzhenniam Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy № 688-r. (2019, August 14). Uriadovyi kurier, 170. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/688-2019-%D1%80 [In Ukrainian].
10. Tsyriulyk, O.I. & Desiatnyk, L.M. (2017). Vodnyi rezhym gruntu v posivakh soniashnyku [Soil water regime in sunflower crops]. Ahrobiznes sohodni, 7, 16-19. [In Ukrainian].
11. Gamayunova, V., & Kudrina, V. (2018). Vodospozhyvannia soniashnyku v zalezhnosti vid vykorystannia biopreparativ pry vyroshchuvanni v umovakh Pivdennoho Stepu Ukrainy [Water consumption of sunflower, depending on the use of biological products when grown in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine]. Scientific Horizons, 7-8(70), 27-35 [In Ukrainian].
12. Vozhehov, S.H., Rudyi, O.E., Kokovikhin, S.V., Drobitko, A.V., Kazanok, O.O., & Kerimov, A.N. (2021). Vrozhainist, ekonomichna ta enerhetychna efektyvnist vyroshchuvannia hibrydiv soniashnyku zalezhno vid rezhymiv zroshennia ta obrobitku gruntu v umovakh Pivdnia Ukrainy [Yield, economic and energy efficiency of growing sunflower hybrids depending on irrigation and tillage regimes in Southern Ukraine]. Zroshuvane zemlerobstvo, 75, 114-118. DOI https://doi.org/10.32848/0135-2369.2021.75.21 [In Ukrainian].
13. Kadasiddappa, M.M., Rao Praveen, V., Reddy Yella, K., Ramulu, V., Devi Uma, M., & Reddy Narender, S. (2017). Effect of irrigation (drip/surface) on sunflower growth, seed and oil yield, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency – A review. Agricultural Reviews, 38(2), 152-158. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.v38i02.7947
14. Karam, F., Lahoud, R., Masaad, R., Kabalan, R., Breidi, J., Chalita, C., & Rouphael, Y. (2007). Evapotranspiration, seed yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigated sunflower under full and deficit irrigation conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 90(3), 213-223.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.03.009
15. Wan, S., Jiao, Y., Kang, Y., Jiang, S., Tan, J., Liu, W., & Meng, J. (2013). Growth and yield of oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drip irrigation in very strongly saline soils. Irrigation Science. 31, 943–957 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-012-0370-0
16. Ming Chen, Yaohu Kang, Shuqin Wan & Shi-ping Liu. (2009). Drip irrigation with saline water for oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Agricultural Water Management, 96(12), 1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.07.007
17. Vozhehova, R.A., & Kovalenko, A.M. (2014). Efektyvnist zastosuvannia kraplynnoho zroshennia na Pivdni Ukrainy za vyroshchuvannia soniashnyku [Effectiveness of using drip irrigation in the South of Ukraine for sunflower cultivation]. Kraplynne zroshennia yak osnovna skladova intensyvnykh ahrotekhnolohii XXI stolittia: III Mizhnarodna nauk.-praktych. konf. Kyiv : 2014. 29-30. [in Ukrainian].
18. Sheludko, O.D. (2015). Vyroshchuvannia soniashnyka na kraplynnomu zroshenni [Sunflower growing on drip irrigation]. Propozytsiia, 6, 60-63. [in Ukrainian].
19. Ushkarenko, V.O. (2014). Metodyka polovoho doslidu (zroshuvane zemlerobstvo) [Methodology of field experiment (irrigated agriculture)]. Kherson. Hrin D.S. [in Ukrainian].
20. Romashchenko, M.I., & Shatkovskyi, A.P. (2014). Metodychni rekomendatsii z provedennia doslidzhen za kraplynnoho zroshennia [Methodological recommendations for conducting research on drip irrigation]. Kyiv. DIA. [in Ukrainian].
21. Shatkovskyi, A.P. & Zhuravlov, O.V. (2016). Upravlinnia kraplynnym zroshenniam na osnovi vykorystannia Internet-meteostantsii [Management of drip irrigation based on the use of Internet weather stations]. Scientific reports of NULES of Ukraine, 2 (59), http://journals.nubip.edu.ua/index.php/Dopovidi/article/view/6489/6373 [In Ukrainian].
22. Romashchenko, M.I. & Riabkov, S.V. (2007). Vyznachennia vodospozhyvannia ovochevykh kultur pry kraplynnomu zroshenni [Determination of water consumption of vegetable crops under drip irrigation]. Ovochivnytstvo, 4, 56-57 [in Ukrainian].
23. Vozhehova, R.A., Romashchenko, M.I. & Shatkovskyi, A.P. (2017). Naukovi zasady rozvytku ahrarnoho sektora ekonomiky pivdennoho rehionu Ukrainy [Scientific foundations of the development of the agricultural sector of the economy of the southern region of Ukraine]. Kherson. OLDI-PLIUS [in Ukrainian].
24. Abd El-Rahman, G. (2009). Water use efficiency of wheat under drip irrigation systems at Al-Maghara area, North Sinai, Egypt. American-Eurasian. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci, 5(5), 664–670.
25. Allen R., Pereira L., Raes D., & Smith M. (1998.) Crop evapotranspiration – Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Rome. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 300 p. http://www.fao.org/docrep/x0490e/x0490e00.htm
26. Ushkarenko, V.O. Zroshuvane zemlerobstvo [Irrigated agriculture]. Kyiv. Vyshcha shkola [in Ukrainian].
